Who won the Nobel Prize for discovering that the visual cortex contains nerve cells that respond only when an animal is shown a line with a particular orientation?

David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel won the Nobel Prize for their pioneering research on the visual cortex, where they discovered that certain nerve cells, known as "simple" and "complex" cells, respond specifically to lines and edges with particular orientations. Their work demonstrated that the visual system is tuned to detect specific features of stimuli, such as orientation, which are fundamental to visual perception.

This discovery was crucial in understanding how visual information is processed in the brain. They conducted experiments primarily on cats and found that these neurons would fire only when the light stimuli aligned with their preferred orientation, establishing a foundational understanding of how the brain interprets visual information. Their findings illustrated the importance of processing visual inputs in a structured manner, forming the basis for further research in visual perception and neuroscience.