In color vision, blue-violet cones are most sensitive to ________ wavelengths, red cones to ________ wavelengths, and green cones to ________ wavelengths.

The correct answer highlights the sensitivities of the different types of cones in human color vision. Blue-violet cones, known as S-cones, are indeed most sensitive to short wavelengths of light, which correspond to the blue part of the spectrum. Red cones, or L-cones, are sensitive to long wavelengths, which correspond to red light. Green cones, or M-cones, are sensitive to middle wavelengths, which fall within the green range.

Understanding the wavelengths associated with each type of cone is foundational for grasping how our visual system divides and processes color information. The short wavelengths are approximately 400-500 nm (blue), middle wavelengths are around 500-570 nm (green), and long wavelengths range from about 570-700 nm (red). This arrangement is crucial for our perception of a full spectrum of colors through the combination and processing of signals from these three types of cones.